Recent Trends in the Development and Validation of HPLC Methods for Antiretroviral Drugs: Challenges and Opportunities

The accurate quantification of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) is critical for ensuring therapeutic efficacy, monitoring patient adherence, and minimizing adverse effects in HIV treatment.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has emerged as a gold standard analytical technique for the determination of ARVs due to its sensitivity, specificity, and versatility.This review highlights recent trends in HPLC method development and validation for ARVs, focusing on advancements in detection techniques, sample preparation, and method optimization.Additionally, the challenges associated with matrix interference, regulatory compliance, and the analysis of fixed-dose combinations are discussed.The review also explores emerging opportunities, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), miniaturization, and green chemistry, which are poised to revolutionize ARV analysis.By addressing these challenges and leveraging new technologies, HPLC methods can continue to play a pivotal role in advancing HIV treatment and global health outcomes.