Human Metapneumovirus: Another respiratory virus of concern for Public Health

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) was first identified in 2001 and is a significant respiratory pathogen affecting children under the age of five, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. An outbreak of HMPV was reported in Beijing, China, in December 2024, with subsequent cases identified in multiple countries, including India. Globally, HMPV accounts for 3-10% of respiratory infections, with severe cases such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia predominantly occurring in high-risk populations. Despite localized clusters in January 2025, Indian health authorities have not reported a significant surge in cases, indicating a need for further surveillance. RT-PCR remains the gold standard for detection, while treatment is mainly supportive, with emerging antiviral and monoclonal antibody therapies showing promise in research. Despite its low mortality rate, HMPV poses challenges for resource-limited settings. This review highlights the critical need for comprehensive epidemiological research, accelerated vaccine development, and increased public awareness to address HMPV’s impact in India effectively.