Comparison of the Acute Effects of Self-Myofascial Release and Static Stretching on the Piriformis Muscle in Healthy Individuals

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effects of self-myofascial release (SMR) and static stretching (SS) on hip range of motion (ROM), hip muscle strength, flexibility, and pressure pain threshold. Methods: The study was a crossover-randomized controlled trial. A total of 20 participants (mean age = 23.25 ± 1.97) took part in SMR (3 sets × 30 seconds), SS (3 sets × 30 seconds) and control sessions on three separate days, with a two-day interval between sessions. Hip ROM was measured using a goniometer, strengths were measured using a hand-held dynamometer, flexibility was assessed using a standard sit-and-reach test, and pressure pain threshold was measured using an algometer. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in abduction ROM in the dominant lower extremity (p˂0.05) in favour of SMR. The flexion and adduction ROM values were significantly higher in the nondominant lower extremity after SMR and SS interventions compared to the control session (p˂0.05). Conclusion: It was found that SMR was as effective as SS in increasing ROM in the acute period. It is thought that SMR intervention to the piriformis muscle can be used safely in warm-up programs of athletes who need more range of motion and flexibility, and in preparation for rehabilitation exercises for individuals who experience movement limitations. Further investigation of its effects and underlying mechanisms is recommended.