Experimental Study of the Thermomechanical Properties of a New Eco-Friendly Composite Material Based on Clay and Reed

Reducing environmental impacts and energy consumption in construction is increasingly important, prompting the use of renewable, ecological, and cost-effective materials. This research investigates an ecological building material combining clay and ground reed fibers, offering a promising alternative to conventional resources. A composite made of 50% clay and 50% ground reed was developed to study the influence of fiber size after grinding, as reed is typically used in its unprocessed form. Initial analyses included a physico-chemical characterization of both clay and reed. Thermal performance was then evaluated under steady-state and transient conditions to assess heat storage, heat transfer, and the material’s thermal inertia. The results showed a thermal conductivity of 0.38 W/m·K and an estimated 50% energy savings compared to clay alone, demonstrating the composite’s enhanced insulation capacity. Mechanical tests revealed compressive strengths of 2.48 MPa and flexural strengths of 0.79 MPa, with no significant effect from fiber size. The composite is lighter and more insulating than traditional clay blocks, indicating potential for reduced heating demand and improved indoor comfort. This study confirms the feasibility of incorporating ground reed fibers into clay-based composites to produce more sustainable building materials, supporting the transition toward energy-efficient and environmentally responsible construction practices.