Association of Vimentin Expression with Tumor Grade in Endometrial Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, with tumor grade serving as a critical determinant of prognosis and treatment planning. In recent years, immunohistochemical markers such as vimentin have gained attention for their potential role in tumor characterization. Vimentin, a mesenchymal marker, is often associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and may reflect tumor differentiation status. This study investigates the association between vimentin expression and tumor grade in endometrial carcinoma to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic relevance. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Immunohistochemistry of Vimentin was done at the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from March 2022 to February 2024. Histopathologically diagnosed 46 endometrial carcinoma cases were included in this study. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the SPSS 26 for Windows. Result: In this study of 46 endometrial carcinoma cases, 28.3% were grade 1, 26.1% were grade 2, and 45.7% were grade 3. High vimentin expression was observed in 69.5% of cases, low expression in 10.9%, and negative expression in 19.6%. A significant association was found between tumor grade and vimentin expression (p=0.009), with high expression most common in grade 1 tumors and decreased expression observed in higher-grade carcinomas. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant association between vimentin expression and tumor grade in endometrial carcinoma. High vimentin expression was more frequently observed in lower-grade tumors, whereas reduced or absent expression was more common in higher-grade cases. These findings suggest that vimentin may serve as a useful immunohistochemical marker for assessing tumor differentiation and could aid in prognostication of endometrial carcinoma.