Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Boost Radiotherapy and Protect against Radiation Damage

This study investigates the effects of ultrasmall (∼4 nm) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) combined with X-ray irradiation to enhance radiotherapy efficacy. Using the in vivo <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> model, we observed that while AuNPs alone delayed embryonic development, their combination with irradiation completely halted it. Lifespan analysis showed that irradiated flies fed with AuNPs had a slight survival advantage, suggesting a protective effect against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased DNA damage (or repair) in the flies, supporting the potential of AuNPs to boost the local radiation dose and offer protection against radiation-induced damage, with implications for optimized therapeutic strategies.