Macrophages: Cells that are more than just scavengers

Macrophages are a part of mononuclear phagocyte system, which not only phagocytose the invading microorganisms but also as serve as antigen presenting cell (APC) that process protein antigens to be presented to T cells. Macrophages also contribute to cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity after they are being activated by cytokines. Macrophages also serve to maintain the homeostasis of organs and systems. In addition to these immune-related and physiological functions, macrophages play pivotal role in creating the tumour microenvironment by polarizing themselves into pro-tumour or anti-tumour phenotypes. It is evident that functions of macrophages are beyond the scope of innate immunity and immune regulation. As they contribute their role in tumour evolution, several studies documented that reprogramming the macrophages may have therapeutic role in inflammatory and tumourigenesis.