Indoor Air Quality Assessment Based on Floor-Level Variations in a University Library

Libraries are environments where students often spend extended periods due to their conducive and quiet atmosphere that supports focused learning. However, poor indoor air quality (IAQ) in such settings can negatively impact cognitive performance and pose health risks. This study aimed to assess the IAQ at Levels 1 and 3 of the Dr. Abdul Latiff Library, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, by evaluating physical, chemical, and biological parameters, as well as ventilation performance indicators. Data were collected through walkthrough inspections, direct measurements, and questionnaires distributed to library staff and users. The results revealed that temperature readings at sampling points 4, 5, and 6 exceeded the ICOP IAQ 2010 acceptable limits, while air movement across all sampling points fell below the recommended range. Other IAQ parameters remained within acceptable limits. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in CO₂ and PM₁₀ levels on Level 1 and in temperature and PM₁₀ levels on Level 3. Although overall IAQ was acceptable, elevated temperatures and inadequate air movement were identified as concerns.