Robotic Pollination in Greenhouse Farming: Current Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Effective pollination is crucial for the production of crops, but a number of issues, including incongruous flowering periods, unfavourable weather, and a growing dependence on insect pollinators, are interfering with natural pollination processes in both insect and wind-based systems. The global decline of natural pollinators, exacerbated by climate change, habitat loss, and pesticide use, has increased the demand for alternative pollination methods in agriculture. Although greenhouses provide regulated growth conditions, they also provide unique challenges that impede conventional pollination methods. Robotic pollination appears to be a promising solution, with high precision and efficiency.In challenging pollination settings, robotic-based pollination systems have demonstrated promise as a means of guaranteeing sufficient crop yield. Alternate pollination techniques for crop production are becoming more popular as a result of weather change and persistent threats to conventional pollination machine. Artificial pollination systems offer yield security even in poor pollination conditions and have gained popularity over the past decade. This article examines current pollen collection and application technologies. The purpose of this review is to map the literature on atmospheric greenhouse machinery, highlighting important aspects.