Fe(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular of C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H Amination of Anthranils: Modular Strategy for the Synthesis of N-Heterocycles
We report the first Fe-catalyzed intramolecular C–H amination of anthranils for the synthesis of carbazoles, indoles, indolines, and imidazolidinones under redox-neutral conditions. This protocol efficiently enables both sp² and challenging sp³ C–H aminations, exhibiting broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. A significant advantage of this method is the use of anthranil as a safe nitrene precursor, eliminating the need for hazardous azides. Mechanistic studies indicate an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)-type pathway, which contrasts sharply with our previous Co(III)-catalyzed system that proceeds via an electrocyclization mechanism. Notably, Fe(II)-catalyzed sp³ C–H functionalization also enabled the construction of indolines and dihydroquinazolinone scaffolds. Overall, this work establishes a sustainable and practical approach for accessing diverse N-heterocycles via intramolecular amination using anthranil as nitrene precursor.
Authors
- Amit B. Pawar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6472-8119)
- Shreenivas Londhe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-3132)
Institutions
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi (IN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ChemRxiv
- Published
- 2025-09-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2025-82g6c-v2
- Primary Topic
- Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Arthritis National Research Foundation
- Association of Medical Research Charities
- Ministry of Education, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Science and Engineering Research Board