Multimorbidity and pleiotropic effects of basic drugs used for the treatment of osteoarthritis

This review systematizes current data on the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and comorbid conditions, demonstrating their mutual negative influence. Particular attention is paid to basic drugs, in particular crystalline glucosamine sulfate, which have positive pleiotropic effects and affect not only OA, but also comorbidities. Its potential is demonstrated in improving cardiometabolic status, intestinal microbiota; reducing the risks of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, gout, dementia and mortality.