Impact of Courtyards on Climatic and Spatial Attributes in a Vernacular House: Case of Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, India

Residential courtyards have existed across many civilizations. The thermal performance of the courtyard is researched to enhance the microclimate of indoor spaces. The microclimate of an indoor space can be defined as the climate inside a room or a building. This study evaluates the effect of the courtyard within a vernacular house in the warm, humid climate of Kumbakonam. Firstly, the spatial layout was documented through on-site observations. Further, the climatic and spatial relationship of the courtyard and its surrounding spaces was analyzed through a matrix of attributes. A statistical analysis was done to evaluate the correlation between all the attributes considered. Finally, a simulation using DesignBuilder was carried out to analyze the variation in climatic attributes between the semi-open courtyard and the closed courtyard. The study revealed that the area and openings of a space are significantly related to the temperature and humidity. Illumination levels and wind speed are closely linked to the enclosure of a space. An open courtyard within the dwelling helps to reduce the temperature by 4°C during the summer season. This study highlights the significance of a semi-open courtyard in modern residences for enhanced microclimate conditions. The findings of this study contribute to the expanding research on courtyard design. Furthermore, it will aid architects and designers in planning modern residences.