Simulation of a Pilot-Scale Plant to Produce Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

The increasing demand for alternative fuels and the environmental concerns surrounding fossil fuels have increased interest in biodiesel as a biodegradable and renewable fuel. This study focuses on the simulation of a pilot-scale biodiesel production plant using waste cooking oil (WCO) as the primary feedstock. The process was modeled using Aspen Plus software including the crucial stages of the process and production process simulated by two step reactions. The property method selection and reaction kinetics were implemented to ensure realistic and industrially relevant simulation results. The simulated process was optimized for conversion efficiency, product quality, and energy utilization. The simulated process produced 84.38% and 10.5% by mass of biodiesel and glycerol, respectively, while the excess methanol is collected and charged back into the reactor. The method also yields glycerol, a valuable by-product that is utilized as a raw ingredient in numerous process industries. The experimental yields of biodiesel and glycerol via mass production were 89.74% and 10.26%, respectively. The biodiesel produced through this route meets ASTM standards, confirming its suitability as an alternative fuel. The use of WCO not only adds value to a commonly discarded waste but also aligns with the goals of waste minimization and circular economy. This work provides a scalable and environmentally conscious framework for biodiesel production, demonstrating the practicality of integrating simulation-based design into real-world renewable energy systems. Keywords: Biodiesel, transesterification, simulation, waste cooking oil, alternative fuel.