Design and Performance Analysis of Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna using a Hybrid Coupler

Antennas for wireless signals must be reconfigurable because these detectors need to deal with several polarization options to enhance the link's reliability and limit loss. The antenna system proposed in this study works at S-band frequencies between 2.1 and 2.8 GHz. The configuration is novel since a hybrid coupler allows linking two networks via a dual-layer antenna consisting of a network and a patch element printed over FR4. This hybrid coupler allows precise control over the current distribution in the patch and, as a result, allows this device to transition between polarization states continuously, including LP, LHCP and RHCP. Conversion from circular to linear polarization is achieved by manipulating the phase using a matrix of well-positioned PIN diode switches (SMP1345-079LF). This single-feed configuration allows some flexibility in operations and guarantees that performance in polarization is given to equal reliability, independent of the mode being excited. From the performance analysis, the antenna achieves approximately 6dB of gain and remains operational at a consistent level within the desired frequency band. Due to its versatility, the design can be useful in the S-band spectrum, wireless networks, navigation, meteorology, and aviation surveillance for air traffic management, improving the performance of the systems and requiring less hardware than earlier solutions.