Synthesis and Characterisation of Environment-friendly Tin Sulfide Nanoparticle Adsorbent for the Treatment of Wastewater

The increasing discharge of toxic dyes from textile and cosmetic industries has posed significant environmental and health risks, particularly due to the persistence and non-biodegradability of azo dyes in wastewater. To address this challenge, we report the synthesis and characterization of tin sulfide (SnS) nanoparticles via a simple wet chemical co-precipitation method using tin chloride and sodium sulfide as precursors. Two different molar ratios (0.3 M and 0.5 M) were employed to investigate their influence on particle morphology and photocatalytic properties. Structural characterization through XRD confirmed the crystalline hexagonal phase of SnS, with particle sizes averaging around 8 nm. Morphological analysis via FE-SEM revealed uniformly distributed nanoparticles forming clusters with an average size of ~50 nm. FTIR spectra indicated successful Sn–S bond formation and high purity of the nanoparticles, while UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated strong absorption in the visible region, confirming their suitability for photocatalytic applications. The synthesized SnS nanoparticles show promise as efficient, visible-light-active photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, offering a cost-effective and sustainable solution for industrial effluent treatment.