A knowledge-based theoretical framework with nine strategic implementation models identified through machine learning to unlock business potential with gamification

Purpose The relationship between knowledge management, business performance and gamification remain underexplored in the scientific literature, despite the potential connection and growing interest due to the increasing adoption of gamification in organizations. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to enhance the current literature on the relationship between knowledge management and gamification, and second, to leverage this relationship to unlock business performance through gamification. Design/methodology/approach A unique theoretical framework based on intellectual capital, knowledge management, value cocreation and stakeholder engagement specifically applied to gamification has been developed and tested by analyzing a sample of 176 scientific articles, including case studies, simulations and pilot projects. A classification tree methodology has then guided the identification of strategic implementation models. Findings As a result, nine strategic implementation models based on knowledge management and gamification have been developed using a machine learning algorithm. This will support organizations wishing to unlock business potential. Research limitations/implications From a theoretical perspective, this paper contributes to understanding knowledge management practices leveraging intellectual capital, stakeholder engagement and value cocreation by using gamification. Practical implications This paper can support entrepreneurs in understanding mechanisms to unlock business potentials leveraging knowledge management and gamification to cocreate greater value. Also, managers can be operationally supported in unlocking business potentials by understanding the potential of intellectual capital and knowledge management and the stakeholder engagement practices to cocreate greater value using gamification. Originality/value This paper’s unique theoretical framework aims to enhance knowledge management practices with gamification. Also, the adoption of a classification tree to design strategic business models to unlock business potential is quite original.