Formation of stand density, weediness and yield of winter wheat after various methods of preparation of black fallow and after application of agrochemicals in the Volga region

The article presents the features of the formation of agrocenosis of winter wheat on black fallow with different methods of preparation, after the development of the fallow land. Over three years of plowing the fallow, it was found out that in order to obtain more uniform shoots (305 pcs./m2) of winter wheat, it is necessary to perform moldboard tillage of the soil using a herbicide to suppress the weed component. In this variant, field germination increased from 74.7% (control) to 76.2%. A decrease in field germination to 71.2% and plant survival to 83.9% of winter wheat (Zolushka variety) was if the fallow land was plowed using a non-moldboard method and agrotechnical control measures were carried out in black fallow. The application of the herbicide Volnik VR (glyphosate 540 g/l) - 4 l/ha in black fallows, instead of three cultivations, reduces the number of weeds in the agrocenosis of winter wheat by 1.4-1.5 times and increases the yield of this crop by 0.15 t/ha (6.3%) for non-moldboard primary tillage and by 0.11 t/ha (4.5%) for moldboard one. Treatment of winter wheat crops with agrochemicals increased the grain yield from 2.9 to 20.4% relative to the control.