Why and how do we perform physical examination(s) in clinical trials? A use case of drug intervention trials in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Protocols often lacked information on the purpose, elements and conduct of the PE, which may negatively impact the consistency of clinical trials. With the purpose of PE being often not explicitly stated, it can be questioned whether a PE is needed in every clinical trial or if it is performed as a matter of routine. Future research is needed to investigate whether PE is always necessary in a clinical trial and to explore opportunities for PE in clinical trial innovations including decentralization.
Authors
- Amy Rogers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-7032)
- Lina Pérez–Breva
- Diederick E. Grobbee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-4468)
- Isla S. Mackenzie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-7127)
- Bart Lagerwaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-2385)
- Mira G. P. Zuidgeest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-8243)
- Julia Kopanz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-0807)
- Emily Hall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3966-7680)
- Prashasthi Devaiah
Institutions
- University of Dundee (GB)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
- Published
- 2025-09-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70258
- Primary Topic
- Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
- European Commission