Significance of flow and heat transfer due to aggregation with radiation and heat generation on inclined magnetic field flow over a slender needle in porous media

Abstract This study examines the constant inclined magnetic field flow and heat transfer via a moving thin needle inside a nanomaterial affected by thermal radiation, Joule heating, porous media, heat production, viscous dissipation, and convective heating conditions. Nanoparticles of titanium oxide are contemplated in a base fluid of ethylene glycol. The effects of aggregation and non‐aggregation are also considered for viscosity and thermal conductivity. The governing equations are expressed in a dimensionless manner; similarity equations are derived using a similarity transformation and then solved numerically using MATLAB. The effects of numerous factors on flow and heat transmission are examined and detailed further. We display the skin friction and heat transfer rate in tabular format, and graphically illustrate and analyze the velocity and temperature distributions. It is noteworthy that nanoparticles exhibiting aggregation effects possess the highest skin friction coefficient and velocity profiles, although the heat transfer rate is greater in the absence of aggregation effects compared to their presence. The velocity profile diminishes with an increase in needle thickness and escalates with an increase in the velocity ratio. We optimize the temperature profile for heat production and diminish it for the Biot number. Skin friction escalates with the rise in nanoparticle volume fractions and porosity parameters. The Nusselt number increases with radiation and decreases with tilted magnetic parameters. We observe a remarkable concordance between the two sets of findings.