A flow analysis of hybrid nanoparticles inside a square cavity filled with water

Abstract In this article, we investigated the flow phenomenon and characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid that is flowing in a square cavity. Two nanoparticles are considered, which are zinc and titanium dioxide, and water is assumed as a base fluid. The hybrid nanofluid is essentially an engineered fluid that enhances the thermal properties of the base fluid. When flow rate and particle volume fractions are constant, the improvement of heat transport is solely dependent on the nanoparticles' thermal conductivity. The aim of the current work is to examine the flow characteristics of the base fluid when the hybrid nanofluids (zinc and titanium dioxide) are embedded in the base fluid. The upper and lower walls of the cavity are adiabatic. The side walls of the cavity are having a temperature. The governing equations are solved by converting PDEs into dimensionless PDEs by taking the transformations. The Peaceman‐Rachford alternating direction implicit method, along with the Jacobi method, is used to obtain the numerical results on the Matlab software. The graphical representation is used to show the behavior of hybrid nanoparticles and other emerging parameters in the velocity region, temperature distribution, streamlines, and Nusselt number.