Integración de Teorías del Aprendizaje y Neurociencia en la Práctica Educativa: Aportes desde la Terapia Ocupacional

This article explores learning as a complex and multifactorial process that is essential to human development. It analyzes various learning theories—from rationalism and empiricism to behaviorism and social cognitive theory—that explain how knowledge is acquired and how environment, experience, and observation influence this process. Additionally, it examines the role of the brain in learning, highlighting its plasticity, the impact of emotions on executive functions, and its ability to reorganize synaptic connections in response to novel stimuli. From an interdisciplinary perspective, the article emphasizes the importance of occupational therapy in educational settings, where its interventions support the development of cognitive, motor, sensory, and social skills. This discipline promotes autonomy, inclusion, and meaningful learning through active participation in relevant occupations. Finally, it reflects on the challenges of learning in the knowledge society, underscoring the need for strategies that transform information into useful knowledge, centered on critical, creative, and holistic thinking.