Challenges and problems in education in the post-COVID-19 era

Education was significantly affected worldwide by school closures in 2020. After the first stage of the pandemic, in which national governments focused on ensuring the continuity of the academic year, major international organizations highlighted the need to adopt structural policy reforms to address the challenges posed by the crisis. The analysis allowed three main areas to be identified: the digitization of the education system, educational inequalities and teacher development. It is still early to assess the depth of the transformations underway, but in most cases, the prevailing reactions represent the intensification of change processes that began before the pandemic. However, the type and intensity of country responses varies between EU Member States. Although the pandemic represents a common point, countries have experienced the crisis differently depending on the characteristics of their education systems and the main problems that the crisis has revealed.