FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE FOR ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS IN TEACHING NUMBERS AND OPERATIONS IN GRADE 1

Numbers and operations are one of the three key content domains in the Mathematics Curriculum under Vietnam's General Education Program. Ethnic minority students mostly live in remote mountainous areas, where both geographical and economic conditions are challenging. Their primary language of daily communication is typically their mother tongue (not the common language). As a result, when entering school, these students face learning difficulties due to language barriers, with Vietnamese serving as their second language. In this study, we explore and propose strategies to develop mathematical language for ethnic minority students in teaching numbers and operations in Grade 1.