Energy Aspects of Forming Electric Bus Charging Schedules

Global trends in the development of transport provide for an accelerated expansion of the use of electric drive. Public transport in cities has begun to be replenished with new types of vehicles with increased autonomy, mobility, and unmanned vehicles. Particular atten-tion is paid to electric buses. However, their operational characteristics, including long charging times and limited driving distances, have created complex problems that require innovative solutions. The scale of the problems depends on the types of traction electrical equipment, energy storage, the method of charging electric buses, etc. The aim of the work is to develop energy-efficient recommendations for organizing battery charging and planning passenger transportation by electric buses that are charged at the end points. The article offers practical recommendations for planning the operation of electric buses, tak-ing into account the energy efficiency of passenger transportation. Namely, a method of adapting the schedule of electric buses, taking into account structural, technological or operational limitations in the case of charging at the end points of each flight, is investi-gated, which consists in interpreting the schedule of conventional electric buses with the extension of parking to the time required to charge the battery for the next flight and maintaining the intervals of movement. In addition, a method of adapting the schedule of alternating shifts for charging the electric bus at the endpoints during lunch breaks is con-sidered, which involves increasing the time of lunch breaks with the addition of charging time; additional provision of machine hours for charging to release-line that do not have lunch breaks; increasing the time of transferring the driver's shift at the endpoint in order to reduce the gap between the lunch breaks of the first and second shifts, which would require the use of a larger battery; revision of the regulatory requirements of labor legis-lation. Attention is drawn to the need for special algorithms for developing charging schedules for electric buses in unmanned driving mode. The research results and recom-mendations are of practical value for transport enterprises, research and design institu-tions, and educational institutions. The article notes the consideration of reducing the level of risks during the operation of electric buses and charging infrastructure at end-points during operational traffic control in case of failures, etc.