Effects of Brown Rice, Meal Replacements, and Anti-Obesity Drugs on Mitochondria in Obese Rats

These findings demonstrate that dietary fiber-rich interventions can modulate host metabolism through concurrent improvement of gut microbiota and mitochondrial function. Brown rice and meal replacements offer promising, non-pharmacological strategies for obesity management, while pharmacological agents such as thiazolidinediones may provide additive benefits through targeted mitochondrial enhancement. This study supports an integrated approach to metabolic health and underscores the significance of diet quality in the prevention and treatment of obesity.