Defence Mechanisms in Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho

This research investigates the key theme of defence mechanisms and the two sub-themes which are displacement of rage and detachment in Bret Easton Ellis's novel American Psycho (1991) to understand the psyche of the protagonist, Patrick Bateman. Through a harsh critique of 1980s Wall Street culture, the novel portrays a world where materialism, wealth, and appearances overshadow and dominate genuine human relationships. Bateman's extreme detachment and violent tendencies are analysed through the lens of Sigmund and Anna Freud's theories of defence mechanisms, particularly displacement and detachment. Furthermore, the study highlights how Bateman's fragmented identity, rooted in superficial values, leads to a lack of genuine emotional connections as well as objectification of others. The paper also discusses Bateman's existential crisis and the dehumanization that arises from his consumer-driven lifestyle. Ultimately, this analysis provides insights into the novel's commentary on the destructive nature of a society obsessed with wealth and superiority, challenging readers to reflect on the moral and emotional void created by such superficiality.