THE ESSENCE AND FORMS OF A DIPLOMACY’S IMPLEMENTATION IN CRISIS SITUATIONS

Different meanings of the term diplomacy are considered, namely as implementation of international relations through negotiations; a set of means used by ambassadors and envoys to ensure the negotiation process; official activity of heads of state and heads of government, departments of foreign affairs, diplomatic missions and other bodies of external relations for the implementation of the goals and objectives of the state’s foreign policy; the minimum indicator of “sociality”, which allows us to talk about the existence of a system of states in the history of international relations; a universal institution that accompanies any system of states; the mechanism by means of which exchange of values, norms and rules of behavior of states in the international society is carried out; a traditional and proven mechanism of interaction in any historical system of states; any interaction in international relations that does not amount to war.Preventive diplomacy is analyzed as a form of diplomacy that performs the following functions: settlement of international conflicts and crisis situations; management and settlement of conflicts and crisis situations; preventing the escalation of the conflict at its initial stages in order to reach agreements.The definition of “preventive diplomacy” is given as actions aimed at preventing the emergence of disputes between the parties, preventing the development of existing disputes into conflicts and limiting the scale of conflicts after their occurrence as peacemaking – actions aimed at inclining the warring parties to agreements, using the peaceful means that are provided for UN Charter; as peacekeeping – the presence of the UN in a specific area, which is associated with the deployment of UN military and/or police personnel; civilian personnel; peacebuilding in the post-conflict period – identification and support of structures that will be committed to promoting the strengthening of peace in order to prevent recurrence of the conflict; measures to eliminate conflicts in the latent phase; nuclear disarmament; provision of humanitarian aid; consensual diplomatic and political activity of sovereign states to help prevent interstate disputes, conflicts that pose a potential threat to regional peace and security.Approaches to understanding the essence of crisis diplomacy are defined. The first approach aims to avoid a full-scale war and resolve the problem peacefully – crisis diplomacy is seen as an activity aimed at achieving peace and finding consensus between the parties to the conflict.The second approach sees victory as the main goal of crisis diplomacy – efforts aimed at protecting the goals and interests pursued by the party in the conflict.The content of the definition of “coercive diplomacy” is defined as non-militarized coercion or the use of threats of negative actions to force the target state to change its behavior.It is indicated that the new dimensions of diplomatic practice, which are aimed at overcoming crisis situations in international relations, have a multidimensional nature, which involves the participation of more than two parties in discussing and solving problematic issues.It is noted that such forms of diplomatic activity as image diplomacy are considered promising; media-diplomacy; virtual diplomacy; Twitter is diplomacy.