Analysis of HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a study at dustira hospital, cimahi

The HbA1c test has been recommended by the International Committee and the American Diabetes Association to diagnose and monitor the effectiveness of therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological therapy for controlling blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may include oral medications, insulin, or a combination of both. This study aimed to compare the average HbA1c levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD), insulin, or a combination of OAD and insulin. This research utilized an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design and employed a consecutive sampling technique, analyzing patients' medical records from January 2019 to June 2022 at Dustira Hospital. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The study concluded that among the 123 data samples, 41 patients using OAD had an average HbA1c of 11.77%, 41 patients undergoing insulin therapy had an average HbA1c of 9.68%, and 41 patients receiving a combination of OAD and insulin had an average HbA1c of 10.73%. The results indicated a significant difference in the average HbA1c levels between the OAD and insulin treatment groups (p=0.002; < 0.05) and no significant difference between the OAD and OAD-insulin combination groups (p=0.092; > 0.05). Although significant differences in average HbA1c levels were observed between the three types of management, the ideal HbA1c target had not been achieved. This suggests that other factors, such as patient adherence to medication, physical activity patterns, nutritional diet, and the duration of diabetes mellitus, may also play a role in influencing treatment outcomes.