Positioning Nepal in India’s National Security Architecture

Given its prominent geographical, political, and sociocultural attributes, Nepal occupies a pivotal role in shaping India’s security strategies and foreign policy agenda. Over the past three centuries, Nepal has undergone significant socio-political changes, with India—owing to its proximity—playing an influential role. The absence of natural barriers along the Indo-Nepal border presents strategic vulnerabilities, especially in light of potential external influences, notably from China. This research critically evaluates how an unstable Nepal could pose tangible risks to India’s national security, thereby reinforcing the need for coherent and responsive foreign policy frameworks. The study investigates the evolution of India-Nepal relations to decode policy patterns, motivations, and the strategic calculus underpinning India’s approach to Nepal.