Sustainable electrodes for a greener future: materials and applications in microbial fuel cells

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of materials used in microbial fuel cell (MFC) electrode fabrication, based on Scopus publications from 2010 to 2024, analyzed using RStudio, VOSviewer, and Excel. Carbon, graphite, and metals were identified as dominant materials, often enhanced with biocomposites or nanocomposites to improve conductivity and microbial adhesion. The study highlights a growing interest in high-porosity materials and innovative modifications that enhance electron capture and energy conversion. Additionally, microorganisms are increasingly employed as catalysts in electrode design. Bioresource Technology is a leading journal in this field, with key contributors including Logan B.E., whos e work has significantly influenced research trends. Geographically, China leads in research output, followed by the United States and India. Novel approaches, such as the integration of bacterial communities into electrodes, have significantly improved power density and system efficiency. The findings underscore the need for scalable and cost-effective solutions for MFC electrodes. This analysis highlights the intersection of sustainability and energy innovation, providing a roadmap for future research in electrode materials to address global energy and environmental challenges.