COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON THE SEVEN-LAYER ARCHITECTURE OF THE OSI MODEL

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection initiative by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).It provides a framework for dividing a communication system into smaller, manageable segments known as layers.Each layer consists of functions that share a similar purpose and offer services to the layer above while relying on services from the layer below.Within this structure, each layer instance serves the layers above it and requests assistance from the layers beneath it.For instance, a layer that ensures error-free communication across a network delivers the necessary pathway for applications above it, while depending on the layer directly below it.