Is ghost fishing in Banderas Bay, Mexico, a problem? (Perception, causes, consequences, and knowledge)

Fishing is one of the most significant economic activities, providing food to communities worldwide. Its technological development has enabled the maximum exploitation of fish stocks, resulting in various environmental problems, including ghost fishing. The United Nations estimates that 640,000 t of ghost fishing gear can be found in the oceans, accounting for 85% of the plastic waste on the seabed. The study was conducted in Banderas Bay, where surveys were administered to individuals with a connection to the marine area. The surveys consisted of three sections: general population, issue perception, and a section to determine the effects and damages according to six groups of people related to activities at sea. The primary fishing gear that causes ghost fishing in Banderas Bay is gillnets, followed by longlines. Ninety-six percent of the population considers ghost fishing a problem with repercussions for the environment and the region's economy. The main causes of loss are current waves and snagging on the bottom. There are no programs or actions to clean up the bottoms or to avoid the loss. The issue in the bay needs to be addressed through an integrated program that includes environmental education, vigilance/reporting, and incentives to prevent the loss of fishing gear.