Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Melon B-BOX (BBX) Gene Family in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

The BBX gene family functions as a key transcription factor implicated in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, research on this gene family in melon remains absent. In the present study, we identified 19 BBX family genes within the melon genome, distributed across chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12. Phylogenetic analysis categorized these genes into five distinct subfamilies, with notable similarities observed in gene structure and conserved motifs among members of the same subfamily. Synteny analysis revealed seven syntenic relationships among melon BBX genes, 17 between melon and <i>Arabidopsis</i>, and one between melon and rice. Reanalysis of transcriptome data indicated that certain BBX genes exhibit high expression levels across various tissues and developmental stages of fruits, while others display tissue specificity. Under both abiotic and biotic stress conditions, genes such as <i>CmBBX3</i>, <i>CmBBX5</i>, <i>CmBBX2</i>, <i>CmBBX18</i>, <i>CmBBX15</i>, and <i>CmBBX11</i> demonstrated significant differential expression, highlighting their critical roles in melon growth and development. Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis was conducted to examine the expression levels of melon BBX genes at different time points under salt stress, further validating the transcriptome data. This study provides a theoretical foundation for future molecular breeding efforts in melon.