Exploring loneliness in elderly Javanese and social support

Loneliness is a common issue among the elderly, often resulting from reduced social interactions which negatively impact their mental and physical health and overall wellbeing. This study aims to explore the experience of loneliness in elderly individuals and examine how cultural factors and social support can mitigate this condition. Eleven women aged 60 and older, living alone in Simomulyo Baru Village, Surabaya, Indonesia, participated in the study. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and observations, and analyzed using a narrative analysis approach. Contrary to common assumptions, most participants did not report feeling lonely despite living alone. The collectivist culture known as Guyub, alongside strong social support, notably material, emotional, and companionship support, were identified as critical factors that reduce loneliness. However, instrumental and informational supports were less available. The findings highlight the substantial role of collectivism and social support, especially from family and community, in alleviating loneliness among the elderly. Supporting and strengthening family and community networks to create elderly-friendly environments is essential. Further research should focus on the influence of cultural and social contexts on elderly loneliness.