Quercetin as an anti-hypertensive: A comprehensive review of the activity of quercetin compounds against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) studies

Introduction: Hypertension represents one of the leading global health challenges. The target therapy available for treatment is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI). Quercetin is an ACE inhibitor that is used as an anti-hypertensive. Objective: This review article aims to study quercetin compounds and their bioactivity as antihypertensives, as well as the development of natural compounds that can be selective against specified target proteins (ACE) and can minimise the possibility of adverse side effects. Methods: This study was conducted through a narrative review, collecting journals related to the topics discussed from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, spanning the period from 2010 to 2023. Results: Quercetin has the ability to lower blood pressure by forming nitric oxide, which dilates blood vessels. This study also showed that inhibition can affect the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Discussion: According to the study, Quercetin has the potential to have pharmacological activity as an antihypertensive because its binding energy is more negative than the target protein's native ligand (lisinopril). This also indicates that quercetin can form more stable bonds than the standard compound (lisinopril), allowing it to act as an ACE inhibitor. Conclusion: Quercetin has potential as an anti-hypertensive with an enzyme-inhibiting mechanism (ACE inhibitor).