Utilisation of plant-based pectin for halal hard capsule shells as an alternative to pork gelatin

Background: Concerns about halal compliance have arisen with the use of porcine gelatin in capsule shells, particularly among Muslim consumers. Alternative materials are needed as demand for halal products grows in the pharmaceutical and supplement industries. Pectin, a natural plant-derived polysaccharide, can replace porcine gelatin in capsule production. Objective: This study aims to conduct a literature review to determine the potential of plant-derived pectin as a material for hard capsule shells. Method: The research method employed was a narrative review, which analysed, assessed, and summarised the existing published literature while also seeking innovations not previously discussed. The literature databases used included PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Elsevier. Result: The results showed that pectin has good gelling properties, adequate stability under various storage conditions, and high compatibility with multiple pharmaceutical active ingredients. Pectin also meets halal requirements and can be processed into functional capsule shells. Pectin from multiple plants and fruits can be used for hard capsule shells. Conclusion: Plant-based pectin could serve as a halal alternative to gelatin for capsule shells. However, further research is needed to overcome technical challenges for its broader use in the pharmaceutical industry.