Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) antioxidants as an alternative to prevent skin cancer

Background: The rise in global average temperature significantly affects human health, particularly through increased sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation. This leads to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), triggering oxidative stress that can damage DNA and potentially cause skin cancer. Endogenous antioxidants like melanin are insufficient to counteract these effects, making exogenous antioxidants crucial for preventing oxidative stress and supporting DNA repair. Objective: This review article aims to understand the potential content of antioxidant compounds in bitter melon as a preventive alternative to skin cancer prevention. Method: Journal sources related to the keywords "Antioxidant", "IC50", "Skin Cancer", "Phenolic extract" and "Momordica charantia" were collected. Result: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is one of the plants with high antioxidant content. Bitter melon contains antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, beta carotene, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, etc. Based on the source, bitter melon extract can reach IC50 up to 20,012 ppm, which indicates very strong antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Ultraviolet radiation generates free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress that may trigger skin cancer. Antioxidants stabilise free radicals and help prevent this stress. Bitter melon, known for its high antioxidant activity, can serve as a preventive alternative against skin cancer.