Deep Learning-Based Earthquake Magnitude Estimation Using Seismic Waveform Images

In recent decades, researchers have increasingly applied deep learning in seismology, especially for estimating earthquake magnitudes from seismic data analysis. This study introduces deep learning model for earthquake magnitude estimation from seismic wave images. A high-quality Stanford Earthquake Dataset (STEAD), which includes seismic wave data for earthquakes with magnitude M ≥ 3, is used to train the model. Compared to traditional methods, the prediction accuracy is improved using a hybrid convolutional neural networks (CNN) model with bi-directional LSTM (BiLSTM). The results obtained as mean square error (MSE) = 0.19 and mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.34 indicate that the proposed model can predict earthquake magnitude more accurately compared to existing methods.