A review on hematite concentrate pelletization: effect of process parameters on iron ore pellet quality

The pelletization of hematite concentrate is a critical process in iron ore beneficiation, directly influencing the efficiency of downstream metallurgical operations. Given the increasing demand for high-quality pellets in the iron and steel industry, it is essential to optimize pelletization parameters for enhanced performance in ironmaking processes. This review provides a summary of the essential factors related to process parameters that influence pellet quality, such as the preparation of hematite concentrate, as well as the use of binders and additives. This highlights the significant role of particle size distribution and Blaine number in improving the mechanical and metallurgical properties of pellets, such as compressive strength and reducibility. The significance of choosing the right binder was highlighted, with research showing that both organic and inorganic binders contribute to the stabilization of green pellets and lower energy usage during the induration process. The incorporation of MgO and CaO-based fluxes plays a crucial role in enhancing pellet quality by minimizing swelling, improving reducibility, and facilitating the formation of the slag phase. Additionally, carbonaceous and waste oxide additives are shown to aid in lowering sintering temperatures and enhancing pellet bonding. Furthermore, the combination of hematite with magnetite enhances pellet strength and reducibility, with optimal magnetite concentrations providing significant improvements. A thorough understanding of these parameters is essential for optimizing the pelletization process of hematite, leading to improved performance in industrial applications. This offers important insights into the current advancements in pelletizing technology for hematite, serving as a guide for future research and improving the efficiency of iron ore beneficiation processes.