Dari Biaya ke Kolaborasi: Investigasi Pengaruh Ganda Biaya Logistik dan Crowd Logistics terhadap Supply Chain Efficiency dalam Operasi Kurir Perkotaan

Urban courier services are increasingly compelled to enhance operational efficiency due to the escalating demand stemming from e-commerce growth and the complexities associated with last-mile delivery. This study investigates the influence of logistics costs and crowd logistics on supply chain efficiency within urban courier operations in the Bandung Metropolitan area. By addressing a notable empirical gap in the existing literature, this research additionally provides strategic insights into the advancement of participatory logistics in emerging economies. A quantitative methodology was employed, utilizing structured questionnaires distributed to employees of courier services, yielding 100 valid responses. The data were analyzed through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings reveal that both logistics costs and crowd logistics exert significant positive effects on supply chain efficiency. Notably, crowd logistics enhances delivery flexibility, minimizes idle capacity, and improves responsiveness to fluctuations in demand. This study contributes to the academic discourse by integrating cost-efficiency and participatory perspectives within the context of urban logistics. Practically, it offers valuable guidance for logistics providers and urban policymakers in the development of inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable delivery systems, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).