Review on the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the infestation of Liriomyza sativae in Cucumis melo l.: tri-trophic interactions mediated by herbivory-induced volatile compounds and ontogenetic dependence in parasitoid attraction

The melon (Cucumis melo L.) crop plays a prominent role in the Brazilian Semi-arid region, particularly in Rio Grande do Norte, and is affected by various factors, among which nutritional management and pest control are notable. Nitrogen and potassium fertilization, primarily through fertigation, is crucial for crop development, directly impacting fruit yield and quality. However, excessive use can lead to imbalances that affect plant growth and disease resistance. The leaf miner fly Liriomyza sativae is one of the major pests compromising melon production, causing damage to photosynthesis and fruit quality. Biological control using parasitoids such as Opius scabriventris and Neochrysocharis sp. has shown promise. Additionally, tri-trophic communication mediated by volatile organic compounds emitted by herbivore-infested plants can influence natural enemies' behavior. Studying the interactions between fertilization, plant ontogeny, and parasitoid attraction is crucial for optimizing integrated pest management and enhancing the sustainability of melon production in the Semi-arid region.