Аналіз ефективності інноваційної діяльності підприємств України в умовах кризового стану

The article is dedicated to examining the effectiveness of innovative activity among industrial enterprises in Ukraine under crisis conditions. It emphasizes the role of innovations in creating prerequisites for overcoming economic instability and enhancing the competitive positions of Ukrainian business entities. The importance of innovations for technical re-equipment and increasing the science-intensity of industrial production is highlighted. The study employed methods such as comparative analysis, statistical analysis, elasticity analysis, and productivity analysis. Significant fluctuations in the number of innovation-active enterprises were identified, including a sharp decline in 2015 (by 48.7%) due to the occupation of Ukrainian territories and in 2021 (by 44%) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a 74% increase in 2024, driven by the activation of Military Tech sectors. It is noted that funding for innovations predominantly relies on internal resources (71.7–97.2%). It has been established that in 2024, there was a rise in the share of state funding (up to 9.1%) and foreign investments (up to 10.5%), linked to budgetary support for defense technologies and interest from non-residents in this sector. Key coefficients were calculated to reveal dependencies between innovation expenditures and activity outcomes, including the productivity coefficient of innovation costs, elasticity of the number of new market-ready innovative products, and sales volume relative to expenditures. The calculation of the productivity coefficient of innovation costs confirmed an increase in this indicator in 2024 (up to 9.07), suggesting successful commercialization of innovations. Analysis of the elasticity of the number of new products and sales volume relative to expenditures affirmed their high sensitivity to investments, with peak values in 2020 and 2024, reflecting the impact of crisis conditions on innovative activity. The need for further in-depth study of the influence of external capital on the innovative activity of industrial enterprises and the development of strategies to strengthen the adaptability of Ukraine’s industrial sector under instability is outlined.