A comprehensive review on the Samprapti and management of Khalitya w.s.r. to Alopecia

Khalitya, recognized in Ayurveda as a form of hair loss, bears significant resemblance to Alopecia as understood in modern dermatology. It is primarily caused by the vitiation of Pitta and Vata Doshas, although the involvement of Kapha and Rakta also contributes to the pathology. This vitiation leads to the weakening of hair follicles, impaired scalp nourishment, and eventual hair fall and thinning. According to Ayurvedic principles, the Samprapti (pathogenesis) of Khalitya involves the progressive disturbance of the Doshas, impacting key bodily tissues such as Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), and Asthi (bone), culminating in follicular degeneration. The Samprapti in Khalitya outlines a systematic progression of Doshic disturbances that directly impact the structural and nutritional integrity of the scalp and hair roots. This review aims to explore the Ayurvedic understanding of Khalitya through its etiology (Nidana), classification, and Samprapti, while drawing correlations with the contemporary pathophysiology of different types of Alopecia, such as Androgenetic Alopecia, Alopecia Areata, and Telogen Effluvium. Modern research highlights autoimmune responses, genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and environmental triggers as major causes of Alopecia, which interestingly align with Ayurvedic principles of internal disharmony and impaired tissue metabolism. By analyzing these interconnected perspectives, this study underscores the potential of an integrative treatment strategy. Ayurvedic interventions like Shodhana (purificatory therapies), Shamana (palliative therapies), Rasayana (rejuvenation), and herbal formulations can be combined with modern treatments such as minoxidil, corticosteroids, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy. Understanding the pathogenesis of Khalitya offers a holistic approach that may enhance therapeutic outcomes and provide personalized, root-cause-oriented solutions for effective long-term hair loss management.