Early Rate of Force Development and Maximal Strength at Different Positions of the Athletic Shoulder Test in Baseball Players
Maximal isometric shoulder strength and explosiveness were highest at 180° abduction in baseball athletes, with no significant difference between 135° and 90°. PF demonstrated excellent reliability, while early RFD showed moderate to good reliability and higher variability, highlighting the need for repeated measures. These findings provide specific position reference values and support the inclusion of multiple abduction angles in shoulder strength assessment to detect neuromuscular deficits and monitor training adaptations in baseball athletes.
Authors
- Tomáš Malý (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-6766)
- Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-8213)
- Mikuláš Hank (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-7515)
- Omid Khaiyat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0509-9172)
- Erika Zemková (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0938-5691)
- František Zahálka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-7637)
- Ben Ashworth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-6530)
- Ginny Coyles
Institutions
- Charles University (CZ)
- Liverpool Hope University (GB)
- Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Sports
- Published
- 2025-09-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13090300
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Shoulder Injury and Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.01