Distinct patterns of parental involvement in Chinese families and preschoolers’ social adjustment

Latent profile analysis identified a total of four profiles of parental involvement: <i>Moderate maternal-low paternal involvement</i> profile (21.9%), <i>Both moderate involvement</i> profile (38.1%), <i>High maternal-moderate paternal involvement</i> profile (28.2%), and <i>Both high involvement profile</i> (11.8%). Children in <i>Both high involvement</i> and <i>High maternal-moderate paternal involvement</i> profiles exhibited higher social skills compared to those in lower-involvement profiles. These findings enhance our understanding of home-based parental involvement patterns and their associations with preschoolers' social development.