Authors

• Barbara E. Bierer
• Harriette G.C. Van Spall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8370-4569)
• David Moher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206)
• Jingyi Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-5764)
• Guowei Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1184-1791)
• Xin Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6537-2559)
• Gregory Y. H. Lip
• Lehana Thabane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9034-0021)
• Yingxin Liu
• Xuerui Bai

Institutions

• Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
• Harvard University (US)
• University of Liverpool (GB)
• University of Ottawa (CA)
• Jinan University (CN)
• Sichuan University (CN)
• Ottawa Hospital (CA)
• Population Health Research Institute (CA)
• Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (GB)
• Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
• Impact (CA)
• St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton (CA)
• Aalborg University (DK)
• Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
• McMaster University (CA)

Publication Details

Journal

BMC Medicine

Published

2025-09-01

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04328-z

Primary Topic

Ethics in Clinical Research

Type

article

Field-Weighted Citation Impact

0.00

Funders

• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province