Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis: Comprehensive Risk Factor Analysis

Drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) is a life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction resulting in an overactive immune response (mainly IgE-mediated) from drug consumption. However, the question arises that the fatality of DIA can be affected by several sociobiological risk factors. Previous literature found that drug allergies or DIA occur more frequently among adults than the pediatric population, and are prevalent in adult females (after puberty) than males. Researching another potential risk factor for DIA requires applying a new technique to the historical data, as age and gender have an impact on the mortality rates of DIA. Therefore, I conducted a review of prior research publications on the issues and performed a quantitative analysis of each risk factor and comorbidities, generated statistical results, and compared these findings with other risk factors, then ran data synthesis and meta-analysis to verify the known risk factors, as well as to find novel risk factors. By age group, we found that the fatality rate of the adult population was 6.28%, while it was 0.3% to 2.4% in the pediatric population. I expect to discover additional risk factors in the sociobiological background, including demographics, comorbidities, ethnic and racial disparities, and regional contexts. DIA accounts for the majority of anaphylactic fatalities. Finding epidemiological patterns of DIA results in more personalized patient care, precise emergency response, and the ability to minimize preventable deaths through better risk identification.