A Mathematical Model to Study the Role of Sterile Insect Technique in Crop Pest Control: Dynamics and Optimal Control Study

In this article, we propose and analyze a deterministic mathematical model that captures the dynamic interactions between crop biomass and pest populations under the influence of a biological control strategy, namely the sterile insect technique (SIT). The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of SIT as a biological pest control method and to understand how pest suppression influences the preservation and productivity of crops over time. The model incorporates four interacting biological populations, namely the crop biomass, female pests, male pests, and sterile male pests. The dynamics of the system are analyzed analytically and numerically. We determine the equilibrium points and their local and global stability. Stability change is found through Hopf bifurcation periodic solutions. It can be concluded from this study that this modeling framework with an optimal control strategy is highly useful in the context of sustainable agriculture that can reduce crop pests in a cost-effective manner.