Synthetic Engineering of Probiotic Biofilms for Targeted Immune Enhancement and Intestinal Health- A Review

Probiotic therapeutics represent a rapidly advancing field, with particular interest directed toward the engineering of probiotic biofilms for immune modulation and gastrointestinal (GI) health. In contrast to conventional planktonic probiotic cells, biofilm-forming strains exhibit enhanced resilience, prolonged mucosal colonization, and improved immunological interactions facilitated by their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These attributes confer superior therapeutic consistency and