Cost and return of wheat crop in Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh (India)

Wheat has emerged as the backbone of India food security as it contributed 35.05 per cent of total food grain production of the country (FAO, 2023). The world would require around 840 million tonnes of wheat by 2050 from current production level of 642 million tonnes. The study was conducted in the Hamirpur district of Uttar Pradesh The multistage, stratified random sampling method was used for the selection of district, blocks, villages, and respondents, which was district, block, purposely and village and respondent selected was randomly. This district comprises 7 block, among which the Rath, Sarila and Gohand three block purposely selected. The respondent was selected 180. It was observed That cultivation increase with the farm size, with the highest production cost for large farms amounting to Rs. 62441.04 per hectare. The largest expense in wheat cultivation was attributed to human labour, which accounted for Rs. 12966.63 per hectare, while the overall cost of cultivation average Rs. 58586.29 per hectare. On average, the gross income was recorded at Rs. 106059.64. The input output ratio for wheat crop was calculated as 1:1.81 ultimately, wheat cultivation was determined to be profitable, with potential for increased per unit of time and area, provided that production and marketing constraints are addressed.